This is not a historical language-family classification. It is a learning-oriented access-system classification.
这不是传统历史语系分类，而是服务外语学习的语言进入系统分类。
| Access System进入系统 | Main Entry Route主要入口 | Example Languages典型语言 | Learning Focus学习重点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin Alphabet Access拉丁字母进入系统 | Letters, sounds, spelling字母、声音、拼写 | English, French, Spanish, German | Sound-spelling, function words, morphology声音—拼写、功能词、词形结构 |
| Non-Latin Phonographic Access非拉丁音系文字进入系统 | New script and sound-symbol relation新文字与声音—符号关系 | Arabic, Russian, Greek, Hindi, Thai, Korean | Script access, sound-symbol relation文字进入、声音—符号关系 |
| Character / Morphosyllabic Access汉字 / 语素音节进入系统 | Character, morpheme, meaning字形、语素、意义 | Chinese, Kanji-based Japanese reading | Character recognition, morpheme meaning汉字识别、语素意义 |
| Mixed-Script Access混合文字进入系统 | Multiple scripts多文字系统协同 | Japanese, mixed-script contexts | Script coordination, particles, endings文字协调、助词、词尾 |
| Visual-Spatial Access视觉—空间进入系统 | Visual form, space, movement视觉形式、空间、动作 | ASL, BSL, CSL, LSF | Handshape, space, visual grammar手形、空间、视觉语法 |
Letters, sounds, spelling字母、声音、拼写
English, French, Spanish, German
Sound-spelling, function words, morphology声音—拼写、功能词、词形结构
New script and sound-symbol relation新文字与声音—符号关系
Arabic, Russian, Greek, Hindi, Thai, Korean
Script access, sound-symbol relation文字进入、声音—符号关系
Character, morpheme, meaning字形、语素、意义
Chinese, Kanji-based Japanese reading
Character recognition, morpheme meaning汉字识别、语素意义
Multiple scripts多文字系统协同
Japanese, mixed-script contexts
Script coordination, particles, endings文字协调、助词、词尾
Visual form, space, movement视觉形式、空间、动作
ASL, BSL, CSL, LSF
Handshape, space, visual grammar手形、空间、视觉语法
Learners should first know which language system they are coming from and which system they are entering.
学习者首先需要知道：自己从哪一种语言系统出发，正在进入哪一种目标语言系统。